FIT1047_MOC

📘 FIT1047: Introduction to Computer Systems, Networks and Security

Map of Content

Index for FIT1047 (Malaysia campus). Hand-execution unit: number conversions, logic circuits, MARIE assembly traces are the assessed skills — every applied note carries a write-from-blank element.

📊 Assessment Map

• Assignment 1 (15%) ➔ Foundations: Binary Number System (W1) + Boolean Logic Circuit (W2).
• Assignment 2 (30%) ➔ Programming Interview: Assembly Programming (W3–4), Computer Architecture (W3–4), Motherboard & Boot (W5), OS (W5).
• Assignment 3 (30%) ➔ Networks
• Assignment 4 (25%) ➔ Security
• LO1 (W1–2): number representations + Boolean algebra → logic circuits · LO2: hardware/software architectures · LO3: MARIE assembly · LO4: OS functions.

🧰 Unit Cheatsheet

• 📌 FIT1047 Unit Cheatsheet —systems → networks → security in one re-read

📅 Knowledge Index

Week 1 — Data Representation (Foundations of Computing)

• Computer Fundamentals (Bits, Bytes, Words) → Parent Framework: FIT1047_MOC
• Number Systems (Binary and Hexadecimal) → Parent Framework: Computer Fundamentals (Bits, Bytes, Words)
• Signed Integer Representation (Two’s Complement) → Parent Framework: Number Systems (Binary and Hexadecimal)
• Floating Point Numbers (IEEE 754) → Parent Framework: Number Systems (Binary and Hexadecimal)
• Text Encoding (ASCII and Unicode) → Parent Framework: Computer Fundamentals (Bits, Bytes, Words)
• Transistors and Logic Gates → Parent Framework: Computer Fundamentals (Bits, Bytes, Words)

Week 2 — Boolean Logic & Circuits

• Boolean Algebra Laws → Parent Framework: Logical Connectives (Smart Merged: FIT1058 logic + FIT1047 circuit notation, precedence, why-simplify)
• Sum-of-Products (Functions to Circuits) → Parent Framework: Boolean Algebra Laws
• Karnaugh Maps → Parent Framework: Sum-of-Products (Functions to Circuits)
• Transistors and Logic Gates → Parent Framework: Computer Fundamentals (Bits, Bytes, Words) (extended in Week 2: NAND + universal gates)

Week 3 — Circuits with Memory, Architecture & MARIE

• Combinational Circuits (Adders, Decoders, MUX, ALU) → Parent Framework: Transistors and Logic Gates
• Sequential Circuits (Latches, Flip-Flops, Registers) → Parent Framework: Combinational Circuits (Adders, Decoders, MUX, ALU)
• Von Neumann Architecture and Programs → Parent Framework: Computer Fundamentals (Bits, Bytes, Words)
• Fetch-Decode-Execute and RTL (Control) → Parent Framework: Von Neumann Architecture and Programs
• MARIE Assembly (Instruction Set and Patterns) → Parent Framework: Von Neumann Architecture and Programs

Week 4 — Indirect Addressing, Subroutines & Memory

• MARIE Assembly (Instruction Set and Patterns) → Parent Framework: Von Neumann Architecture and Programs (extended in Week 4: LoadI/StoreI/AddI/JnS/JumpI + Adr/HEX directives)
• MARIE Patterns (Indirect Addressing, Arrays, Subroutines) → Parent Framework: MARIE Assembly (Instruction Set and Patterns)
• Memory and the Memory Hierarchy → Parent Framework: Von Neumann Architecture and Programs

Week 5 — Motherboard, I/O, Boot & Operating Systems (A2 material complete)

• Motherboard and IO Interfaces → Parent Framework: Von Neumann Architecture and Programs
• CPU-IO Communication (Memory-Mapped, Polling, Interrupts, DMA) → Parent Framework: Motherboard and IO Interfaces
• The Boot Process → Parent Framework: Motherboard and IO Interfaces
• Operating Systems and Multi-Processing → Parent Framework: Von Neumann Architecture and Programs
• Virtual Memory (MMU and Paging) → Parent Framework: Operating Systems and Multi-Processing

Week 6 — Networks I: Layers & Application Protocols (LO5–6 begin)

• Computer Networks (Components and Types) → Parent Framework: FIT1047_MOC
• Internet Model (Layers, Protocols, Encapsulation) → Parent Framework: Computer Networks (Components and Types)
• Application Architectures (Client-Server Tiers) → Parent Framework: Computer Networks (Components and Types)
• World Wide Web (HTTP and HTML) → Parent Framework: Internet Model (Layers, Protocols, Encapsulation)
• Electronic Mail (SMTP, POP, IMAP, MIME) → Parent Framework: Internet Model (Layers, Protocols, Encapsulation)

Week 7 — Networks II: The Four Lower Layers & Addressing

• Physical and Data Link Layers (Signals, Ethernet, CSMA-CD) → Parent Framework: Internet Model (Layers, Protocols, Encapsulation)
• Network Addresses (URL, Port, IP, MAC) → Parent Framework: Internet Model (Layers, Protocols, Encapsulation)
• Address Resolution (DNS and ARP) → Parent Framework: Network Addresses (URL, Port, IP, MAC)
• Network Layer (Routing and Routing Tables) → Parent Framework: Internet Model (Layers, Protocols, Encapsulation)
• Transport Layer (TCP and UDP) → Parent Framework: Internet Model (Layers, Protocols, Encapsulation)

Week 8 — Networks III: Switched Ethernet, WiFi & Organisational Networks

• Switched Ethernet (Switches, Forwarding, LAN Design) → Parent Framework: Physical and Data Link Layers (Signals, Ethernet, CSMA-CD)
• WiFi (802.11, CSMA-CA, Topologies) → Parent Framework: Physical and Data Link Layers (Signals, Ethernet, CSMA-CD)
• WiFi Security (WEP, WPA2) → Parent Framework: WiFi (802.11, CSMA-CA, Topologies) (seeds the security half)
• LAN, Backbone, MAN, WAN (Organisational Networks) → Parent Framework: Computer Networks (Components and Types)

Week 9 — The Internet: Structure, Access, Delivery & Society

• Internet Structure and Governance → Parent Framework: Computer Networks (Components and Types) (AS, BGP, IXP, peering/transit, governance)
• Internet Access Technologies → Parent Framework: Internet Structure and Governance
• CDNs, Load Balancing and Caching → Parent Framework: Internet Structure and Governance
• Internet of Things (IoT) → Parent Framework: Internet Structure and Governance
• Net Neutrality and Internet Policy → Parent Framework: Internet Structure and Governance
• (Week 7 recap in the workshop — line-coding/modulation — is already covered by Physical and Data Link Layers (Signals, Ethernet, CSMA-CD); interior routing (RIP/OSPF) by Network Layer (Routing and Routing Tables).)

Week 10 — Security I: Cryptography & Secure-Channel Protocols (LO7)

• Information Security and Cryptography → Parent Framework: FIT1047_MOC (hub: security goals + three algorithm families)
• Symmetric Cryptography → Parent Framework: Information Security and Cryptography
• Public Key Cryptography → Parent Framework: Information Security and Cryptography
• Cryptographic Hash Functions → Parent Framework: Information Security and Cryptography
• Key Establishment and Diffie-Hellman → Parent Framework: Information Security and Cryptography
• Authentication, Certificates and PKI → Parent Framework: Information Security and Cryptography
• Secure Channels - TLS and VPNs → Parent Framework: Information Security and Cryptography
• (Cross-links to FIT1058 number theory: Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement, Cryptosystem, One-Way Function, Modular Exponentiation, Euler Totient Function, Prime Number, Primitive Root — the maths behind RSA/DH lives there, not duplicated here.)

Week 11 — Security II: Authentication, Access Control & Network Defence (LO7)

• User Authentication and Passwords → Parent Framework: Information Security and Cryptography
• Multi-Factor Authentication and Biometrics → Parent Framework: User Authentication and Passwords
• Access Control → Parent Framework: Information Security and Cryptography
• Firewalls and Packet Filtering → Parent Framework: Information Security and Cryptography
• IDS, IPS and Next-Generation Firewalls → Parent Framework: Firewalls and Packet Filtering
• (Cross-links: salted-hash storage → Cryptographic Hash Functions; login in kernel mode → Operating Systems and Multi-Processing; NGF TLS-proxy breaks end-to-end → Secure Channels - TLS and VPNs.)

Week 12 — Security III: Threats, Vulnerabilities, Risk & Privacy (LO7)

• Malware and Attack Types → Parent Framework: Information Security and Cryptography
• Software Vulnerabilities (Injection, XSS, Buffer Overflow) → Parent Framework: Information Security and Cryptography
• Cybersecurity Case Studies → Parent Framework: Information Security and Cryptography
• Cybersecurity Risk Management → Parent Framework: Information Security and Cryptography
• Privacy and Data Protection (FIT1047) → Parent Framework: Information Security and Cryptography
• (Cross-links: botnet/DDoS → Internet of Things (IoT); buffer overflow return address → MARIE Patterns (Indirect Addressing, Arrays, Subroutines); SQL injection → SQL SELECT and WHERE; privacy → Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security, Personal Data and Privacy in Database Design.)

🧭 Suggested Reading Order

(read left→right within each week · bold = assessment-critical hand skill)

• W1 — data representation: Computer Fundamentals (Bits, Bytes, Words) → Number Systems (Binary and Hexadecimal) (A1) → Signed Integer Representation (Two’s Complement) → Floating Point Numbers (IEEE 754) → Text Encoding (ASCII and Unicode) → Transistors and Logic Gates
• W2 — logic → circuits: Boolean Algebra Laws → Sum-of-Products (Functions to Circuits) → Karnaugh Maps (A1 simplification) → Transistors and Logic Gates §Universality
• W3 — architecture & MARIE: Combinational Circuits (Adders, Decoders, MUX, ALU) → Sequential Circuits (Latches, Flip-Flops, Registers) → Von Neumann Architecture and Programs → Fetch-Decode-Execute and RTL (Control) (A2 trace) → MARIE Assembly (Instruction Set and Patterns) (A2 writing)
• W4 — pointers & memory: MARIE Patterns (Indirect Addressing, Arrays, Subroutines) (A2 core) → Memory and the Memory Hierarchy
• W5 — board, boot, OS: Motherboard and IO Interfaces → CPU-IO Communication (Memory-Mapped, Polling, Interrupts, DMA) → The Boot Process (A2) → Operating Systems and Multi-Processing (A2 + LO4) → Virtual Memory (MMU and Paging)
• W6 — network stack & apps: Computer Networks (Components and Types) → Internet Model (Layers, Protocols, Encapsulation) (the networks framework) → Application Architectures (Client-Server Tiers) → World Wide Web (HTTP and HTML) → Electronic Mail (SMTP, POP, IMAP, MIME)
• W7 — lower layers & addressing: Physical and Data Link Layers (Signals, Ethernet, CSMA-CD) → Network Addresses (URL, Port, IP, MAC) → Address Resolution (DNS and ARP) → Network Layer (Routing and Routing Tables) → Transport Layer (TCP and UDP)
• W8 — LANs & WiFi: Switched Ethernet (Switches, Forwarding, LAN Design) → WiFi (802.11, CSMA-CA, Topologies) → WiFi Security (WEP, WPA2) → LAN, Backbone, MAN, WAN (Organisational Networks)
• W9 — the Internet at scale: Internet Structure and Governance → Internet Access Technologies → CDNs, Load Balancing and Caching → Internet of Things (IoT) → Net Neutrality and Internet Policy
• W10 — cryptography: Information Security and Cryptography (goal→mechanism spine) → Symmetric Cryptography → Public Key Cryptography → Cryptographic Hash Functions → Key Establishment and Diffie-Hellman → Authentication, Certificates and PKI → Secure Channels - TLS and VPNs
• W11 — auth & defence: User Authentication and Passwords → Multi-Factor Authentication and Biometrics → Access Control → Firewalls and Packet Filtering → IDS, IPS and Next-Generation Firewalls
• W12 — attacks, risk, privacy: Malware and Attack Types → Software Vulnerabilities (Injection, XSS, Buffer Overflow) → Cybersecurity Case Studies → Cybersecurity Risk Management → Privacy and Data Protection (FIT1047)

🎯 Learning Outcomes (key skills per week)

• W1 ➔
  • convert dec↔bin↔hex + add binary by hand
  • negate via flip+1, range + overflow by sign rule
  • normalise IEEE 754 + explain why $0.1$ is inexact
  • decode ASCII hex, Unicode vs UTF-8
  • switch → transistor → gate story
• W2 ➔
  • build truth tables (precedence NOT>AND>OR)
  • apply the Boolean laws to simplify/prove equivalence
  • truth table → SOP → circuit
  • minimise with a K-map (Gray code, maximal groups, wrap-around)
  • NAND/NOR universality
• W3 ➔
  • explain adders/decoder/MUX + compute-all-MUX-select ALU
  • SR latch (hold row, forbidden $11$), D flip-flop, registers
  • Von Neumann + stored program
  • hand-trace fetch-decode-execute in RTL
  • write MARIE with SkipCond+Jump idioms
• W4 ➔
  • direct vs indirect addressing ($M[X]$ vs $M[M[X]]$)
  • pointer-walk array loops, counter vs sentinel termination
  • JnS/JumpI subroutines (HEX 0 slot, no recursion)
  • capacity from address width × addressability
  • cache vs swap directions
• W5 ➔
  • board components + interface trade-offs
  • memory-mapped vs port I/O
  • polling vs interrupts vs DMA
  • the 12-step boot chain, BIOS vs UEFI
  • Running/Ready/Blocked trace, user/kernel mode, system calls
  • MMU isolation + page faults
• W6 ➔
  • client/server/switch/router + reach ladder
  • transfer time with $\times 8$
  • five layers + PDUs, protocol vs interface
  • encapsulation both directions
  • label a raw HTTP session
  • email’s three hops, POP vs IMAP, MIME
• W7 ➔
  • digital encodings vs modulation
  • CSMA/CD’s three parts
  • one address per layer
  • $/26$ subnet arithmetic
  • DNS (iterative vs recursive) + ARP broadcast
  • per-hop routing, RIP vs OSPF
  • TCP seq/ack lifecycle vs UDP
• W8 ➔
  • switch learning/flood-when-unknown/store-and-forward
  • switch vs hub vs router
  • WiFi channels ($1/6/11$), CSMA/CA + hidden node, BSS/ESS
  • rank open/WEP/WPA2-PSK/Enterprise
  • owned LAN/backbone vs the leased WAN triangle
• W9 ➔
  • AS + BGP, interior vs exterior routing
  • peering vs transit, IXPs, tiers
  • access technologies (ADSL/DSLAM, NBN/GPON, 4G/5G)
  • load balancing vs caching vs CDN
  • IoT security + Mirai/Dyn
  • net-neutrality trade-offs
• W10 ➔
  • match security goal → mechanism
  • AES + its three weaknesses ($O(n^2)$ keys)
  • RSA ops + key-length pairs
  • hash properties + MAC-not-bare-hash
  • DH exchange + discrete log, no authentication
  • certificates/CA/revocation
  • TLS + VPN endpoint limits
• W11 ➔
  • three authentication factors
  • salted-hash password storage
  • MFA + biometric/token/app trade-offs, SIM swap
  • ACL scaling wall → Kerberos/SSO
  • firewall = filter-not-block + its limits
  • IDS vs IPS, NGF TLS-proxy cost
• W12 ➔
  • attack/malware taxonomy (virus vs worm vs trojan)
  • four vulnerability classes + shared root cause (unchecked input)
  • case-study lesson: exposure + insecure defaults
  • residual risk + NIST RMF · profiling, PETs, data minimisation